What Is a Research University?

Research universities are hubs of innovation and discovery. They combine world-class research with education, offering students unique opportunities to learn and grow. In this guide, we’ll break down what sets research universities apart, how they work, and what families should consider when exploring their options.

Examples of research universities

• Yale University
• University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
• Arizona State University–Tempe
• Duke University
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
• University of Michigan
• Stanford University
• Carnegie Mellon University
• University of Notre Dame

Characteristics of a research university

While these institutions often appear on dream college lists, many families don’t fully understand their missions or what attending such a university entails. So let’s explore eight key aspects of research universities that can help you make an informed decision.

They're a selective group

Research universities form a unique and selective group within higher education. According to the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, about 146 universities are classified as having "very high research activity" (R1) as of 2024. These institutions are distinguished by awarding the most doctoral degrees, attracting significant federal research funding, and offering a wide range of bachelor’s degree programs. 

To put this in perspective, there are over 4,000 higher education institutions in the U.S., and only a tiny fraction qualify as R1 universities. This selectivity reflects their unparalleled focus on advancing human knowledge.

Research is their core mission

Research universities prioritize advancing knowledge and innovation. They attract top researchers and billions in research funding annually. Faculty members are evaluated primarily on their research output—grants awarded, peer-reviewed publications, and citations.

Graduate students are crucial in advancing this mission, collaborating closely with professors on impactful research projects. This environment fosters groundbreaking discoveries, from medical innovations to cutting-edge technologies.

Undergrads have opportunities, too

While graduate students and faculty lead the research, undergraduates at these institutions often have unique opportunities to contribute. Programs like Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REUs) or departmental research assistantships allow students to gain hands-on experience, enhancing their resumes and graduate school applications.

If a research university is on your list, be sure to ask:

• If there are structured programs for undergraduate research
• About the kind of mentorship opportunities they provide

Teaching isn’t always the focus

At research universities, teaching is often secondary to research. Professors may focus more on their projects and publishing papers than classroom instruction. Teaching assistants (TAs), who are usually graduate students, help by leading discussion groups, grading assignments, and running lab sessions.

However, this doesn’t mean undergraduates are left behind. Many research universities are improving teaching practices, offering innovative learning technologies and resources to bridge the gap.

Not all departments are equal

Experiences can vary significantly between departments. For example:

• A classics major might enjoy small, seminar-style classes with close faculty interaction.
• A business major might face large lecture halls and limited access to professors.

If you're considering a research university, investigate specific departments and programs to ensure they align with your goals.

Admission standards vary by school

Research universities often house multiple colleges or schools, such as a College of Arts & Sciences, a School of Engineering, or a School of Business. Each may have unique admission requirements. For example:

• UCLA’s School of Engineering strongly recommends SAT Math Level 2 and a science subject test for applicants, while general university admission doesn’t require them.
• Some universities require students to declare their a major upfront, making it challenging to switch later.

This is why it’s important to know the details before applying to specific programs.

Honors colleges offer a personal touch

Honors colleges within research universities provide a more personalized education experience for high-achieving students. Benefits often include:

• Smaller classes
• Priority registration
• Dedicated faculty advisors
• Exclusive housing options

We recommend checking out these honors programs, as they can offer a close-knit community within a larger institution.

Emerging trends at research universities

• Interdisciplinary Studies: Research today often crosses traditional academic boundaries. Look for programs that integrate fields like data science, environmental studies, and healthcare.
• Diversity and Inclusion: Universities are expanding initiatives to support underrepresented students in STEM and other research areas.
• Digital Transformation: Virtual labs, AI-driven tools, and online research opportunities are reshaping the academic experience.
• Sustainability: Many research universities lead efforts to address climate change, both through research and sustainable campus policies.

Could a research university be right for you?

Research universities are prestigious institutions with opportunities for students who thrive in an innovative, fast-paced environment. However, they aren’t the right fit for everyone. When choosing a university, focus on your academic and career goals, learning style, and the resources available at each institution.

If you’re ready to explore your options, use Appily’s college search tools to find and learn about the research university that aligns with your ambitions and aspirations.